The Media Education Foundation (MEF) produces and distributes films that inspire critical reflection on the impact of American mass media. Watch the latest news, entertainment, feature, business, sports, and politics videos from NBC Chicago. The 55 properties which the World Heritage Committee has decided to include on the List of World Heritage in danger in accordance with Article 11 (4) of the Convention. Security Council Approves In the months leading up to the Republican National Convention, many people were concerned about the potential for violent demonstrations, protests or other types of emergencies overwhelming the Rock and Roll Capital of the. An Emergency Warning is the highest level of Bush Fire Alert. You may be in danger and need to take action immediately. Any delay now puts your life at risk. MAC Cosmetics - Official Site. FREE STANDARD DELIVERY & RETURNSDelivery offer valid on orders shipped to UK addresses (excluding the Channel Islands). Free Standard Delivery and Returns* with any purchase. No offer code necessary. Upgrade to Named Day Delivery for . Place order prior to 3: 0. PM GMT for Next Day Delivery. Please note, we will deliver the goods in accordance with the delivery option selected by you during the order process.*For details on free returns, CLICK HERE. The Earthquake That Will Devastate the Pacific Northwest. The next full- margin rupture of the Cascadia subduction zone will spell the worst natural disaster in the history of the continent. Credit Illustration by Christoph Niemann; Map by Ziggymaj / Getty When the 2. Tohoku, Japan, Chris Goldfinger was two hundred miles away, in the city of Kashiwa, at an international meeting on seismology. As the shaking started, everyone in the room began to laugh. 3, 2016, cameras aboard the International Space Station captured imagery of category 4 Hurricane Matthew. It is expected to hit western Haiti and Cuba on Oct. 4 and poses a significant threat to the east coast of the. I was using the juice plus but also taking T9s. Juice plus is a money making racket and I will be emailing them as I want a full refund. I use the T9s and workout out at home and eat healthy when I have to. The next full-margin rupture of the Cascadia subduction zone will spell the worst natural disaster in the history of the continent. Credit Illustration by Christoph Niemann; Map by Ziggymaj / Getty When the 2011 earthquake. A complete planting guide for tomatoes including varieties, planting dates, soil preparation, insect and disease control, harvesting and storing. Earthquakes are common in Japan. Then everyone in the room checked the time. Seismologists know that how long an earthquake lasts is a decent proxy for its magnitude. The 1. 98. 9 earthquake in Loma Prieta, California, which killed sixty- three people and caused six billion dollars. A thirty- second earthquake generally has a magnitude in the mid- sevens. A minute- long quake is in the high sevens, a two- minute quake has entered the eights, and a three- minute quake is in the high eights. By four minutes, an earthquake has hit magnitude 9. When Goldfinger looked at his watch, it was quarter to three. The conference was wrapping up for the day. He was thinking about sushi. The speaker at the lectern was wondering if he should carry on with his talk. The earthquake was not particularly strong. Then it ticked past the sixty- second mark, making it longer than the others that week. The shaking intensified. The seats in the conference room were small plastic desks with wheels. Goldfinger, who is tall and solidly built, thought, No way am I crouching under one of those for cover. At a minute and a half, everyone in the room got up and went outside. It was March. There was a chill in the air, and snow flurries, but no snow on the ground. Nor, from the feel of it, was there ground on the ground. The earth snapped and popped and rippled. It was, Goldfinger thought, like driving through rocky terrain in a vehicle with no shocks, if both the vehicle and the terrain were also on a raft in high seas. The quake passed the two- minute mark. The trees, still hung with the previous autumn. The flagpole atop the building he and his colleagues had just vacated was whipping through an arc of forty degrees. The building itself was base- isolated, a seismic- safety technology in which the body of a structure rests on movable bearings rather than directly on its foundation. Goldfinger lurched over to take a look. The base was lurching, too, back and forth a foot at a time, digging a trench in the yard. He thought better of it, and lurched away. His watch swept past the three- minute mark and kept going. Oh, shit, Goldfinger thought, although not in dread, at first: in amazement. For decades, seismologists had believed that Japan could not experience an earthquake stronger than magnitude 8. In 2. 00. 5, however, at a conference in Hokudan, a Japanese geologist named Yasutaka Ikeda had argued that the nation should expect a magnitude 9. The presentation was met with polite applause and thereafter largely ignored. Now, Goldfinger realized as the shaking hit the four- minute mark, the planet was proving the Japanese Cassandra right. For a moment, that was pretty cool: a real- time revolution in earthquake science. Almost immediately, though, it became extremely uncool, because Goldfinger and every other seismologist standing outside in Kashiwa knew what was coming. One of them pulled out a cell phone and started streaming videos from the Japanese broadcasting station NHK, shot by helicopters that had flown out to sea soon after the shaking started. Thirty minutes after Goldfinger first stepped outside, he watched the tsunami roll in, in real time, on a two- inch screen. In the end, the magnitude- 9. Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami killed more than eighteen thousand people, devastated northeast Japan, triggered the meltdown at the Fukushima power plant, and cost an estimated two hundred and twenty billion dollars. The shaking earlier in the week turned out to be the foreshocks of the largest earthquake in the nation. But for Chris Goldfinger, a paleoseismologist at Oregon State University and one of the world. Every fault line has an upper limit to its potency, determined by its length and width, and by how far it can slip. For the San Andreas, one of the most extensively studied and best understood fault lines in the world, that upper limit is roughly an 8. Known as the Cascadia subduction zone, it runs for seven hundred miles off the coast of the Pacific Northwest, beginning near Cape Mendocino, California, continuing along Oregon and Washington, and terminating around Vancouver Island, Canada. Tectonic plates are those slabs of mantle and crust that, in their epochs- long drift, rearrange the earth. Most of the time, their movement is slow, harmless, and all but undetectable. Occasionally, at the borders where they meet, it is not. Take your hands and hold them palms down, middle fingertips touching. Your right hand represents the North American tectonic plate, which bears on its back, among other things, our entire continent, from One World Trade Center to the Space Needle, in Seattle. Your left hand represents an oceanic plate called Juan de Fuca, ninety thousand square miles in size. The place where they meet is the Cascadia subduction zone. Now slide your left hand under your right one. That is what the Juan de Fuca plate is doing: slipping steadily beneath North America. When you try it, your right hand will slide up your left arm, as if you were pushing up your sleeve. That is what North America is not doing. It is stuck, wedged tight against the surface of the other plate. Without moving your hands, curl your right knuckles up, so that they point toward the ceiling. Under pressure from Juan de Fuca, the stuck edge of North America is bulging upward and compressing eastward, at the rate of, respectively, three to four millimetres and thirty to forty millimetres a year. It can do so for quite some time, because, as continent stuff goes, it is young, made of rock that is still relatively elastic. If, on that occasion, only the southern part of the Cascadia subduction zone gives way. If the entire zone gives way at once, an event that seismologists call a full- margin rupture, the magnitude will be somewhere between 8. When the next very big earthquake hits, the northwest edge of the continent, from California to Canada and the continental shelf to the Cascades, will drop by as much as six feet and rebound thirty to a hundred feet to the west. Some of that shift will take place beneath the ocean, displacing a colossal quantity of seawater. One side will rush west, toward Japan. The other side will rush east, in a seven- hundred- mile liquid wall that will reach the Northwest coast, on average, fifteen minutes after the earthquake begins. By the time the shaking has ceased and the tsunami has receded, the region will be unrecognizable. Kenneth Murphy, who directs FEMA. When the next full- margin rupture happens, that region will suffer the worst natural disaster in the history of North America. Roughly three thousand people died in San Francisco’s 1. Almost two thousand died in Hurricane Katrina. Almost three hundred died in Hurricane Sandy. FEMA projects that nearly thirteen thousand people will die in the Cascadia earthquake and tsunami. Another twenty- seven thousand will be injured, and the agency expects that it will need to provide shelter for a million displaced people, and food and water for another two and a half million. Thanks to work done by him and his colleagues, we now know that the odds of the big Cascadia earthquake happening in the next fifty years are roughly one in three. The odds of the very big one are roughly one in ten. Even those numbers do not fully reflect the danger. The truly worrisome figures in this story are these: Thirty years ago, no one knew that the Cascadia subduction zone had ever produced a major earthquake. Forty- five years ago, no one even knew it existed. Eighteen months later, they reached the Pacific Ocean and made camp near the present- day town of Astoria, Oregon. The United States was, at the time, twenty- nine years old. Canada was not yet a country. Native Americans had lived in the Northwest for millennia, but they had no written language, and the many things to which the arriving Europeans subjected them did not include seismological inquiries. The newcomers took the land they encountered at face value, and at face value it was a find: vast, cheap, temperate, fertile, and, to all appearances, remarkably benign. A century and a half elapsed before anyone had any inkling that the Pacific Northwest was not a quiet place but a place in a long period of quiet. It took another fifty years to uncover and interpret the region. Geology, as even geologists will tell you, is not normally the sexiest of disciplines; it hunkers down with earthly stuff while the glory accrues to the human and the cosmic. But, sooner or later, every field has its field day, and the discovery of the Cascadia subduction zone stands as one of the greatest scientific detective stories of our time. The first clue came from geography. Almost all of the world. Japan, 2. 01. 1, magnitude 9. Indonesia, 2. 00. Alaska, 1. 96. 4, magnitude 9. Chile, 1. 96. 0, magnitude 9. The Ring of Fire, it turns out, is really a ring of subduction zones. Nearly all the earthquakes in the region are caused by continental plates getting stuck on oceanic plates. And nearly all the volcanoes are caused by the oceanic plates sliding deep beneath the continental ones, eventually reaching temperatures and pressures so extreme that they melt the rock above them. The Pacific Northwest sits squarely within the Ring of Fire. Off its coast, an oceanic plate is slipping beneath a continental one. Inland, the Cascade volcanoes mark the line where, far below, the Juan de Fuca plate is heating up and melting everything above it. In other words, the Cascadia subduction zone has, as Goldfinger put it, .
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